This Policy Dialogue looked at the situation in Idlib, the last stronghold of the rebel and jihadist groups that have been trying to overthrow Syrian President, Bashar al-Assad since 2011. Since the end of 2019, Idlib has been under massive pressure by Syrian President al-Assad’s forces, backed by Russian airpower. In early March, Turkey launched military operation against Assad dubbed “Spring Shield” after regime airstrikes killed 34 Turkish soldiers. While a ceasefire deal was reached on 5 March, the situation in Idlib remains extremely fragile. Previous ceasefires have collapsed. Our panel of experts addressed a number of key questions including: the priorities of Moscow and Ankara; how sustainable is Turkey-Russia cooperation in and around Idlib given the different objectives of Ankara and Moscow; how will Ankara’s relationship with groups such as Hei’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) evolve; what is the approach of Washington; could the EU play a larger role; what would be the impact of a further full-scale offensive from Assad; and how has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the conflict?